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Sunday, 05 July 2009 04:11 UAE time

India and Pakistan: 60 years of Independence

India: colour, chaos, and contradictions

India: colour, chaos, and contradictions

Politics & Economics
Arabian Business looks back over 60 years of the India's independence, and asks ‘what next'?

  1. India/Pakistan - A factual comparison

Indian envoy to UAE urges greater trade
Politics & Economics
New ambassador highlights energy, agriculture and education as future potential of economic ties with Gulf.

Old guard still hold sway over India
Politics & Economics
Foreign investors face challenges with India's policy-makers still cautious about opening up the economy.

India's growth causing staff shortage in GCC
Politics & Economics
Chaiman of Dubai-based healthcare conglomerate says it is becoming much harder to source skilled labour.


TALKING INDEPENDENCE

Indians on India
Political and cultural figures from India discuss the country's achievements - and challenges after 60 years of independence.

Faarah Mehta  

LASTWORD
Will India become the world's biggest economic superpower?

Each week Arabian Business invites you to have your say on a popular issue.

Have Your Say


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    India: colour, chaos, and contradictions

    Arabian Business looks back over 60 years of the India's independence, and asks ‘what next'?


    India and Pakistan – 60 years on

    How have India and Pakistan fared after 60 years of independence? Have your say here.



    Indians on India

    Political and cultural figures from India discuss the country's achievements - and challenges after 60 years of independence.


    India's growth causing staff shortage in GCC

    Chaiman of Dubai-based healthcare conglomerate says it is becoming much harder to source skilled labour.


    Old guard still hold sway over India

    Foreign investors face challenges with India's policy-makers still cautious about opening up the economy.


    Indian envoy to UAE urges greater trade

    New ambassador highlights energy, agriculture and education as future potential of economic ties with Gulf.


    India-Pakistan trade with Gulf hits $36bn

    As India and Pakistan celebrate their 60th year of independence, ArabianBusiness.com takes a look at the level of bilateral trade between the two nations and the GCC.


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SPOT POLL

Should India and Pakistan be considered cultural, economic and political superpowers?

Yes, both countries have made extraordinary progress over the last 60 years
No, there is still to much poverty and inequality in both countries
No, but India should be
No, but Pakistan should be
What do you think? Have your say here...

IN PICTURES

India celebrates Independence Day
  1. India celebrates Independence Day

INDIA TIMELINE

1858 - India comes under rule of the British crown after failed Indian mutiny.

1920-22 - Mahatma Gandhi launches anti-British civil disobedience campaign.

1947 - End of British rule; partition of sub-continent into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority state of Pakistan.

1948 - Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist.

1948 - War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir.

1951-52 - Jawaharlal Nehru leads Congress Party to win in first general election

1962 - India loses border war with China.

1964 - Death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

1965 - Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir.

1966 - Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister.

1971 - Third war with Pakistan over creation of Bangladesh.

1974 - India explodes nuclear device in underground test.

1975 - Indira Gandhi found guilty of electoral malpractice.

1984 - Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards. Her son, Rajiv, takes over.

1991 - Sri Lankan Tamil Tigers sympathisers assassinate Rajiv Gandhi.

1991 - Economic reform programme introduced

1996 - Hindu nationalist BJP emerges as largest single party.

1998 - Nuclear tests, international condemnation.

1999 - Vajpayee makes bus trip to Pakistan to meet Premier Nawaz Sharif - bilateral Lahore peace declaration.

2000 - One billionth citizen.

2001 - US lifts sanctions imposed after nuclear tests.

2001 - India, Pakistan mass troops on common border amid mounting fears of a looming war.

2002 - India successfully test-fires a nuclear-capable ballistic missile.

2002 - Pakistan tests three surface-to-surface Ghauri missiles, capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

2004 - India seeks permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

2007 April - India's first commercial space rocket is launched

2007 May - 9.4% growth in the year to March - strongest economic growth figures in two decades

IN PICTURES

Pakistan celebrates Independence Day
  1. Pakistan celebrates Independence Day

PAKISTAN TIMELINE

1947 - Muslim state of East and West Pakistan created.

1948 - War with India over Kashmir.

1956 - Pakistan becomes an Islamic republic.

1958 - Martial law declared; General Ayyub Khan takes over.

1965 - War with India over Kashmir.

1969 - General Ayyub Khan resigns; General Yahya Khan takes over.

1971 - Bangladesh formed after East Pakistan attempts to secede.

1973 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes prime minister.

1978 - General Zia becomes president.

1979 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged.

1985 - Martial law; political parties ban lifted.

1986 - Benazir Bhutto returns from exile to lead PPP in fresh elections.

1988 November - Benazir Bhutto's PPP wins election.

1990 - Bhutto dismissed on charges of incompetence and corruption.

1991 - Shariah law incorporated into legal code.

1998 - Pakistan conducts nuclear tests.

1999 - Benazir Bhutto and husband convicted of corruption.

1999 - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif overthrown in military coup led by General Pervez Musharraf.

2001 - Gen Pervez Musharraf names himself president.

2002 - Pakistan test fires three medium-range surface-to-surface missiles.

2002 - First general election since the 1999 military coup - hung parliament.

2003 - Pakistan declares a Kashmir ceasefire.

2004 - Pakistan readmitted to Commonwealth.

2004 - Shaukat Aziz becomes prime minister.

2005 - Pakistan tests nuclear-capable cruise missile.

2006 - Pakistan test fires a short-range missile capable of carrying a warhead.

2007 June - President Musharraf extends media controls to the internet and mobile phones.