Magnificent seven

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A controlled flame burns behind a storage tank in the oil refinery complex of Amuay-Cardon in Paraguana, located about 350 miles West of Caracas, Venezuela. (Kimberly White/Getty Images)

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(Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images)

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Smoke billows from a refinery operated by India’s Reliance Industries at Jamnagar, some 400kms west of Ahmedabad. ( STR/AFP/Getty Images)

Petrochemicals Middle East finds the seven largest refineries in the world, by nameplate capacity, and highlights some of their key numbers...

Paraguana, Venezuela

Owner: PDVSA (state Venezuelan oil company)

Nameplate capacity: 956,000 barrels per day

Current capacity: 940,000 barrels per day (source PDVSA)

The Paraguana complex, on the Paraguana Peninsula in the state of Falcon in the northwest of Venezuela, comprises three refineries, Amuay, Cardón, and Bajo Grande and ranks as the biggest oil refining complex in the world (although it will lose this position following completion of the Jamnagar expansion.

The three refineries were integrated in 1997. The nameplate capacity of 956,000 barrels per day represents 74% of Venezuela's total refining capacity.

The product mix is as follows: distillates, 43%; gasoline, 28%; fuel oil, 24%, naphtha, 5% and others 1%. It serves both the domestic and export markets. The complex is part of a major petrochemical expansion project to produce olefins and aromatics, which is due for completion in 2014.

SK Energy Ulsan, South Korea

Owner: SK Energy

Nameplate capacity: 840,000 barrels per day

Current capacity: 840,000 barrels per day

The Ulsan refinery is the world's second largest refinery and the largest in Asia. SK Energy is the oldest and largest refiner in South Korea. Some 57% of the refinery's output serves the domestic market with the remainder going for export.

It produces diesel, gasoline, LPG, kerosene, naphtha, asphalts, propylene and slurry oil.

RIL Jamnagar, India

Owner: Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)

Nameplate capacity: 661,000 barrels per day

Current capacity: 650,000 barrels per day

Future nameplate capacity: 1,650,000 barrels per day (following expansion)

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